Vaccine development is an expensive, multi-year effort from conception to patient administration. The problems of time and expense with vaccine development are often associated with “whole microbe”-based vaccine approach and classical methods of production, e.g. fertilized chicken eggs. Classic passivation of an infectious microbial agent by chemical treatment or biological re-engineering to modify known/established virulent genes, requires substantial resource investments and regulatory approval. Yet, despite these hurdles, vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious disease proliferation. With the advent of modern molecular biology methods, sub-unit vaccines have become an interesting alternative. This approach involves cloning and expression of immunogenic microbial proteins only, not growing and attenuating live microbes. While more convenient, subunit vaccines have their challenges, e.g. antigen/immunogen epitope discovery (isolating the agent responsible for eliciting a protective immune response), epitope purification and epitope conjugation remain significant challenges. This approach, however, holds the potential for enabling rapid development of new protective vaccines consistent with responding to emerging threats. The possibility of bioterrorism as well as emerging infectious pathogens (West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever, Coronaviruses, etc.) require novel, rapid and inexpensive approaches to accelerate vaccine development to protect against these threats.