LLNL’s researchers use physical vapor deposition (sputter deposition or electron beam deposition) to coat an inert gasket material (i.e. PTFE) with a conductive metal (i.e. copper). The gas diffusion electrode overlaps onto the copper coated gasket to allow for electrical conductivity between the catalyst surface and the flow field/current collector of a CO2 electrolyzer. The coated gasket…
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![SEM image of nanoporous Cu catalyst material](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-02/SEM_nanoporous_Cu_catalyst.png?itok=xqwrkv1f)
Using their computational design optimization, LLNL researchers have developed copper-based dilute alloy catalysts (contains <10 at.% of the minority metal alloy component) and demonstrated these novel catalysts have improved energy efficiency and selectivity of the methane conversion reaction. By alloying copper with a small amount of the electropositive minority metal element, the…
![Graphite](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-09/graphite.jpg?itok=2CQBn1ca)
LLNL’s innovation offers an alternate synthetic route to graphite at lower cost using a molten salt mixture of CaCl2-CaCO3-CaO. The synthetic production of graphite and other high-value carbon materials is accomplished in molten salt media via electrochemical reduction and transformation of the carbon from the carbonate ion. The broad electrochemical window of molten salts enables the…
![Projection Microstereolithographic Additively Manufactured Anion Exchange Membrane](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/PuSL%20AEM.png?itok=kMLx_xAK)
The novel LLNL approach is to use projection microstereolithography (LAPµSL), starting with a photocurable methacrylate resin formulation consisting of a combination of a photoinitiator, photoabsorber, inhibitor, solvents, and other additives. Prior to use, the resin is pretreated to control viscosity for easier handling. The resin is fed to a LAPµSL printer which employs a near UV light…
![SEM image showing internal porosity of DIW printed parts](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/internal%20porosity%20of%20DIW%20printed%20parts%20sq.png?itok=_QsLKjM7)
The inventors have developed a 3% Yttria partially-stabilized Zirconia (3YZ) ceramic ink that produces parts with both nano and microporosity and is compatible with two AM techniques: DIW and projection microstereolithography (PμSL). The 3YZ nano-porous ceramic printed parts had engineered macro cavities measuring several millimeters in length, wall thicknesses ranging from 200 to 540 μm, and…
![Microcapsules offer high surface area and a superior delivery system.](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2020-11/Figure1IDEA.jpg?itok=9pdFUISw)
This invention describes a multiple nozzle microfluidic unit that allows simultaneous generation streams of multiple layered coaxial liquid jets. Liquids are pumped into the device at a combined flow rate from 100 mL/hr to 10 L/hr. Droplets are created with diameters in the range of 1 µm to 5 mm and can be created with 1-2 shell layers encapsulating fluid. Droplets created from the system can…
![Graphic of NMR](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2020-05/graphic_of_nmr.png?itok=b2_MNmdk)
There are prominent technical challenges arising from spinning a battery on the order of kilohertz as required by magic angle spinning in order to obtain spectral resolution that are addressed and enable operando solid-state NMR. The operando NMR measurement allows for continuous monitoring of the battery components and of potential metastable states that may exist during…