LLNL researchers have developed a TDLAS-based, standalone, real-time gas analyzer in a small form-factor for continuous or single-point monitoring. The system can analyze multiple gases with ultra-high sensitivity (ppm detection levels) in harsh conditions when utilizing wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS).
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![Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data of crosslinked polyelectrolyte membrane films formed under different equilibrium humidity conditions](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-04/SAXS%20data%20of%20crosslinked%20polyelectrolyte%20membrane%20films.png?itok=1bIMOhqO)
LLNL researchers have developed a method to enhance the performance of polyelectrolyte membranes by using a humidity-controlled crosslinking process which can be applied to precisely adjust the water channels of the membrane.
![Picture of SLA printed structures using 3D printable nitrile-containing photopolymer resins](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-04/SLA%20printed%20structures%20using%203D%20printable%20nitrile-containing%20photopolymer%20resins.jpg?itok=cVxxoNNY)
LLNL’s invention is a photopolymerizable polymer resin that consists of one or more nitrile-functional based polymers. The resin is formulated for SLA based 3D printing allowing for the production of nitrile-containing polymer components that can then be thermally processed into a conductive, highly graphitic materials. The novelty of the invention lies in (1) the photo-curable nitrile-…
![Electrochemical CO2 conversion to valuable fuels and chemicals](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-03/Electrochemical%20CO2%20conversion%20to%20valuable%20fuels%20and%20chemicals1.png?itok=G20rQOcY)
LLNL’s researchers use physical vapor deposition (sputter deposition or electron beam deposition) to coat an inert gasket material (i.e. PTFE) with a conductive metal (i.e. copper). The gas diffusion electrode overlaps onto the copper coated gasket to allow for electrical conductivity between the catalyst surface and the flow field/current collector of a CO2 electrolyzer. The coated gasket…
![Picture of interlocked electrode structure with metal plated surfaces](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-03/Interlocked%20electrode%20structure%20with%20metal%20plated%20surfaces.jpg?itok=1A_mLJdP)
LLNL researchers have developed a fabrication process for creating 3D random interdigitated architectures of anodes and cathodes, eliminating the need for a membrane to separate them. This approach is similar to the repeating interdigitated multi-electrode architectures that also were developed at LLNL.
![SEM image of nanoporous Cu catalyst material](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-02/SEM_nanoporous_Cu_catalyst.png?itok=xqwrkv1f)
Using their computational design optimization, LLNL researchers have developed copper-based dilute alloy catalysts (contains <10 at.% of the minority metal alloy component) and demonstrated these novel catalysts have improved energy efficiency and selectivity of the methane conversion reaction. By alloying copper with a small amount of the electropositive minority metal element, the…
![Printed TPMS membrane structures using nanoporous photoresist](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-12/Printed%20TPMS%20membrane%20structures.png?itok=siH1EwC9)
LLNL researchers have developed novel advanced manufactured biomimetic 3D-TPMS (triply periodic minimal surface) membrane architectures such as a 3D gyroid membrane. The membrane is printed using LLNL's nano-porous photoresist technology. LLNL’s 3D-TPMS membranes consist of two independent but interpenetrating macropore flow channel systems that are separated by a thin nano-porous wall. 3D-…
![Graphite](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-09/graphite.jpg?itok=2CQBn1ca)
LLNL’s innovation offers an alternate synthetic route to graphite at lower cost using a molten salt mixture of CaCl2-CaCO3-CaO. The synthetic production of graphite and other high-value carbon materials is accomplished in molten salt media via electrochemical reduction and transformation of the carbon from the carbonate ion. The broad electrochemical window of molten salts enables the…
![Electrodeposition of Zn onto 3D printed copper nanowire (CuNW)](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-07/ElectrodepositionofZnon3dprintedCuNW.jpg?itok=2G2D1kt9)
Improving the active material of the Zn anode is critical to improving the practicality of Zn-MnO2 battery technology. LLNL researchers have developed a new category of 3D structured Zn anode using a direct-ink writing (DIW) printing process to create innovative hierarchical architectures. The DIW ink, which is a gel-based mixture composed of zinc metal powder and organic binders, is extruded…
![Livermore researchers support efforts to limit the need for rare-earth elements in U.S. clean-energy technologies.](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-07/Reducing%20Reliance%20on%20Critical%20Materials.png?itok=IuC6bH4r)
CMI—a DOE Energy Innovation Hub—is a public/private partnership led by the Ames Laboratory that brings together the best and brightest research minds from universities, national laboratories (including LLNL), and the private sector to find innovative technology solutions to make better use of materials critical to the success of clean energy technologies as well as develop resilient and secure…
![National Ignition Facility (NIF)](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-06/NIF.jpg?itok=Gem1TaQc)
This novel detector for characterizing IFE implosions is an alternative to the current RTNADs to measure neutron fluxes > 3x1011 neutrons/cm2 at high shot rates. The detector consists of a stack of small square metal wafers separated by thin insulating spacers. Every other wafer is held at high voltage while the remaining wafers are grounded. The stack acts as an…
![One embodiment of a solid-state lithium-air battery based on gyroid foams.](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-06/Li-Air%20Battery%20Gyroid%20Foam.jpg?itok=gPAwVj0O)
LLNL researchers have developed a new 3D printable lithium-air battery that uses a novel thin solid state ceramic electrolyte. LLNL’s invention overcomes the combined challenges of low power density and low cycle life in previously designed lithium-air batteries by using solid state electrolytes to achieve stability and multiscale structuring of the electrolyte to achieve low interfacial…
![New class of lattice-based substrates](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/lattice-based%20substrate.png?itok=vFuqTT03)
To get the best of both worlds – the sensitivity of LC-MS with the speed of PS-MS – and a functional substrate that can maintain sample integrity, LLNL researchers looked to 3D printing. They have patented a novel approach to create lattice spray substrates for direct ionization mass spectroscopy using 3D-printing processes.
![3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/3dPrintableSiliconeInks.png?itok=C6lgLCTy)
LLNL researchers, through careful control over the chemistry, network formation, and crosslink density of the ink formulations as well as introduction of selected additives, have been successful in preparing 3D printable silicone inks with tunable material properties. For DIW (direct in writing) applications, LLNL has a growing IP portfolio around 3D printable silicone feedstocks for diverse…
![Projection Microstereolithographic Additively Manufactured Anion Exchange Membrane](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/PuSL%20AEM.png?itok=kMLx_xAK)
The novel LLNL approach is to use projection microstereolithography (LAPµSL), starting with a photocurable methacrylate resin formulation consisting of a combination of a photoinitiator, photoabsorber, inhibitor, solvents, and other additives. Prior to use, the resin is pretreated to control viscosity for easier handling. The resin is fed to a LAPµSL printer which employs a near UV light…
![SEM image showing internal porosity of DIW printed parts](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/internal%20porosity%20of%20DIW%20printed%20parts%20sq.png?itok=_QsLKjM7)
The inventors have developed a 3% Yttria partially-stabilized Zirconia (3YZ) ceramic ink that produces parts with both nano and microporosity and is compatible with two AM techniques: DIW and projection microstereolithography (PμSL). The 3YZ nano-porous ceramic printed parts had engineered macro cavities measuring several millimeters in length, wall thicknesses ranging from 200 to 540 μm, and…
![IPO logo over a face profile with interconnected lines](/sites/default/files/2020-11/IPO_logo_placeholder.jpg)
LLNL’s SAS technology embedded within a facility is developed to sense, detect, localize, alert, and communicate an active shooter(s) to first responders. It relies on three integrated compact sensors that detect sound, infrared light (from the muzzle blast) and vibrations emanating from a gunshot. Fusing the data from these detectors minimizes false alarms.
![IPO logo over a face profile with interconnected lines](/sites/default/files/2020-11/IPO_logo_placeholder.jpg)
The key to time-reversal for an active shooter detection/tracking application is being able to estimate the space-time transfer function (Green’s function) between source-enclosure-receiver. This approach begins with the acoustic mapping of an indoor muzzle blast.
![Microcapsules offer high surface area and a superior delivery system.](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2020-11/Figure1IDEA.jpg?itok=9pdFUISw)
This invention describes a multiple nozzle microfluidic unit that allows simultaneous generation streams of multiple layered coaxial liquid jets. Liquids are pumped into the device at a combined flow rate from 100 mL/hr to 10 L/hr. Droplets are created with diameters in the range of 1 µm to 5 mm and can be created with 1-2 shell layers encapsulating fluid. Droplets created from the system can…
![3D Printing of Fiber Reinforced Composite Thermoset Structures](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-04/3D%20Printing%20of%20FRC.png?itok=WZfsZPZy)
LLNL’s method of 3D printing fiber-reinforced composites has two enabling features:
![nanocomposite_aerogel.jpg nanocomposite_aerogel](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/nanocomposite_aerogel.jpg?itok=PuNPrvkg)
Livermore researchers have developed two novel TiCl4 based non-alkoxide sol-gel approaches for the synthesis of SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite aerogels. Composite SiO2-TiO2 aerogels were obtained by epoxide-assisted gelation (EAG route) of TiCl4/DMF solution in the presence SiO2 aerogel particles. Additionally, the same TiCl4/DMF solution was employed to prepare SiO2@TiO2 aerogels by a facile one-…
![multichannel_pyrometer.jpg multichannel_pyrometer](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/multichannel_pyrometer.jpg?itok=x0sCe_BN)
LLNL researchers have designed and tested performance characteristics for a multichannel pyrometer that works in the NIR from 1200 to 2000 nm. A single datapoint without averaging can be acquired in 14 microseconds (sampling rate of 70,000/s). In conjunction with a diamond anvil cell, the system still works down to about 830K.
![Radio Active Materials processed](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Radio%20Active%20Materials%20processed_0.jpg?itok=ESogQosQ)
The invention utilizes the statistical nature of radiation transport as well as modern processing techniques to implement a physics-based, sequential statistical processor. By this we mean that instead of accumulating a pulse-height spectrum as is done in many other systems, each photon is processed individually upon arrival and then discarded. As each photon arrives, a decision is…
![Next generation pillar detector](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/next-generation%20pillar%20detector.jpg?itok=7NBEyiYS)
LLNL's neutron "Pillar Detector" fabrication technology uses semiconductor-based micro-structured elements as an electrical signal generation medium for the detection of neutrons. These materials in the form of semiconductor "pillars" embedded in matrix of high cross-section neutron converter materials (such as Boron) that emit charged particles upon interaction with neutrons. These charged…
![Transparent Scintillators](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Transparent%20Scintillators.jpg?itok=YDhoI0XA)
Transparent ceramic fabrication allows the production of gadolinium- , lutetium-, and terbium-based garnets which are difficult to grow by melt techniques due to phase instabilities. Phase stabilization of the garnets is accomplished by the addition of the intersubstitutional ions, Gallium and/or Scandium.
Scientists have developed many versatile and scaleable fabrication methods.…
![Marine helmet](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Marine%20helmet-inside.jpg?itok=8W_dqpgI)
LLNL's high fidelity hydrocode is capable of predicting blast loads and directly coupling those loads to structures to predict a mechanical response. By combining this code and our expertise in modeling blast-structure interaction and damage, along with our access to experimental data and testing facilities, we can contribute to the design of protective equipment that can better mitigate the…
![Natalia Zaitseva examines a single crystal growing in a solution-growth crystallizer developed for production of stilbene crystals for fast neutron detection](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/solution-growth%20crystallizer.jpg?itok=SlXZs_1s)
LLNL researchers have grown and characterized scintillator crystals of Strontium Iodide (SrI2). Scintillator energy resolution and light yield proportionality surpass NaI and are similar to LaBr3. The SrI2 scintillators doped with europium (Eu) exhibit very high light yields (> 100,000 photons/MeV), extremely good energy resolution (<3% at 662 keV) and excellent light yield…
![Radiation Sign](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Radiation%20Sign.jpg?itok=_mPjSajQ)
The LLNL detector measures radiation over a large dynamic range, spanning both high hazardous levels and weak levels, including natural background radiation. In weak radiation fields, the detector also measures gamma-ray spectra. The cost of the detector is significantly less than the total cost of existing separate detectors that could perform the same measurements.
![3D printed electrodes](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/3D%20printed%20electrodes.jpg?itok=HPvcODM8)
Nanomaterials that are emerging out of cutting edge nanotechnology research are a key component for an energy revolution. Carbon-based nanomaterials are ushering in the "new carbon age" with carbon nanotubes, nanoporous carbons, and graphene nanosheets that will prove necessary to provide sustainable energy applications that lessen our dependence on fossil fuels.
Carbon aerogels (CAs)…
![STJ x-ray spectrometer (shown on the table) to characterize a material sample.](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/STJ%20x-ray%20spectrometer.jpg?itok=OEllnuT5)
LLNL's X-ray spectrometers based on STJ have been developed for high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy. STJ consist of two superconducting thin film electrodes separated by a thin insulating tunnel barrier. They measure X-ray energies from the increase in tunneling current after X-ray absorption in one of the electrodes excites additional charge carriers above the superconducting energy gap.…
![gemini.jpg gemini](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/gemini.jpg?itok=elYbWcjz)
LLNL has developed a radiation detector that cools to operating temperatures in 1-2 hours using two separate cooling stages. The first cooling brings the instrument to operating temperature. The embedded second cooling system achieves portable detection that can be sustained for 8-12 hours.
In addition, an integrated, hermetically-sealed package has been developed complete with…
![Natalia Zaitseva examines a single crystal growing in a solution-growth crystallizer developed for production of stilbene crystals for fast neutron detection](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/solution-growth%20crystallizer.jpg?itok=SlXZs_1s)
LLNL has identified solution-grown organic crystals having scintillation efficiency not only close to, but even exceeding that of stilbene.. LLNL's invention relates to a new class of neutron detectors based on scintillation response of organic single crystals. More specifically, the use of organic molecules grown from solution and to molecules including the basic benzene or phenyl structure…
![Truck approaching radiation portal monitor](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Truck%20approaching%20radiation%20portal%20monitor.jpg?itok=gULQckpn)
LLNL scientists have developed an approach for full spectrum analysis during gamma ray spectrometry using a spectral library signature created from a large amount of spectral data. The signature can be compared to unknown spectral measurements for the identification of previously unknown nuclear material.
![plastic_scintillators.jpg plastic_scintillators](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/plastic_scintillators.jpg?itok=_aZx24vp)
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed a plastic that can detect neutrons, something previously thought impossible.
Livermore scientists demonstrated a plastic scintillator that can discriminate between neutrons and gamma rays with a polyvinyltoluene (PVT) polymer matrix loaded with a scintillating dye, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). They have found that…
![Batteryless Sensor](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/batteryless%20sensor.jpg?itok=OiEAlv22)
Chemical and biological sensors based on nanowire or nanotube technologies exhibit observable ultrasensitive detection limits due to their unusually large surface-to-volume architecture. This suggests that nanosensors can provide a distinct advantage over conventional designs. This advantage is further enhanced when the nanosensor can harvest its meager power requirements from the surrounding…
![3D printed electrodes](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/3D%20printed%20electrodes.jpg?itok=HPvcODM8)
LLNL has developed novel nanoporous carbon materials for the surface-stress-induced actuator technology. The morphology of these materials has been designed to combine high surface area and mechanical strength. The process allows for the fabrication of large monolithic pieces with low densities and high structural integrity. One actuation technology relies on electrochemically- induced changes…