LLNL’s invention is a photopolymerizable polymer resin that consists of one or more nitrile-functional based polymers. The resin is formulated for SLA based 3D printing allowing for the production of nitrile-containing polymer components that can then be thermally processed into a conductive, highly graphitic materials. The novelty of the invention lies in (1) the photo-curable nitrile-…
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![Picture of SLA printed structures using 3D printable nitrile-containing photopolymer resins](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-04/SLA%20printed%20structures%20using%203D%20printable%20nitrile-containing%20photopolymer%20resins.jpg?itok=cVxxoNNY)
![Picture of interlocked electrode structure with metal plated surfaces](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-03/Interlocked%20electrode%20structure%20with%20metal%20plated%20surfaces.jpg?itok=1A_mLJdP)
LLNL researchers have developed a fabrication process for creating 3D random interdigitated architectures of anodes and cathodes, eliminating the need for a membrane to separate them. This approach is similar to the repeating interdigitated multi-electrode architectures that also were developed at LLNL.
![Diffuse discharge circuit breaker with latching switch](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2024-02/Diffuse%20discharge%20circuit%20breaker.png?itok=qWpciEtY)
A thyristor will stay conducting until the current through the device is zero (“current zero”) or perhaps slightly negative. LLNL’s approach is to use the opticondistor (“OTV”) to force this current zero in order to force the device into an “off” state. By combining a light-activated thyristor with an OTV, a noise-immune, high efficiency, high-power switching device can be constructed. The…
![Printed TPMS membrane structures using nanoporous photoresist](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-12/Printed%20TPMS%20membrane%20structures.png?itok=siH1EwC9)
LLNL researchers have developed novel advanced manufactured biomimetic 3D-TPMS (triply periodic minimal surface) membrane architectures such as a 3D gyroid membrane. The membrane is printed using LLNL's nano-porous photoresist technology. LLNL’s 3D-TPMS membranes consist of two independent but interpenetrating macropore flow channel systems that are separated by a thin nano-porous wall. 3D-…
![Potential reactor configurations with printed TPMS scaffolds](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-12/Reactor_Config_with_TPMS_scaffolds.png?itok=stDW7Z7n)
LLNL researchers have devised a set of design principles that facilitates the development of practical TPMS-based two fluid flow reactors.; included in the design are these new concepts:
![LLNL energy grid protection device](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-10/LLNL%20energy%20grid%20protection%20device_0.png?itok=vpqzRY_R)
The approach is to leverage the fact that a momentary “load” equal to the power transmission line impedance, (Z0), during the transient can suppress its propagation. Z(0) is typically a fixed impedance of several hundred ohms based on the geometry of most single wire transmission lines.
So, an isolated self-powered opticondistor (OTV) system may provide an ultrafast method of…
![Filled (8,8) (left) and (15,15) (right) CNTs with [EMIM+][BF4- ] using SGTI with the proposed spliced soft-core potential (SSCP) approach](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-10/Filled%20CNTs%20using%20SGTI.png?itok=Dy0ObN7i)
LLNL researchers have developed a novel simulation methodology using slow growth thermodynamic integration (SGTI) utilizing spliced soft-core interaction potential (SSCP). The approach to filling the molecular enclosures is a nonphysical one. Rather than filling the pores from the open ends this method creates steps in the algorithm that allow molecules to pass through the pore wall and…
![Boss Circuit Breaker](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-09/Boss%20Circuit%20Breaker.png?itok=7XJ44vZ0)
LLNL’s novel approach to enable MVDC power systems to operate safely is to develop a wideband gap bulk optical semiconductor switch (WBG BOSS) circuit breaker. For higher power, efficiency and temperature operation, vanadium-doped silicon carbide (V-doped SiC) appears to be the most promising basis for WBG BOSS circuit breaker (other dopants like aluminum, boron and nitrogen may further…
![Sub-device integrated with Main device of the flow battery (A) and a cross-section of the sub-device (B)](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-09/Sub-device%20for%20flow%20battery.png?itok=72VMgGtP)
LLNL researchers has developed an approach to mitigate HER on the ‘plating’ electrode, which uses a sub-device as a rebalancing cell to restore electrolyte properties, including pH, conductivity, and capacity across the main device of the flow battery. This sub-device, which may need to be powered externally, has three major physical components: (1) a cathode electrode, (2) an anode electrode…
![Electrical grid](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/electricaGrid875x500px.jpg?itok=vKB8x1kB)
LLNL has developed a novel methodology for using commercially available automated sensors and actuators which can be deployed at scale in large appliances and plug-in EVs to provide as needed electric grid stabilization capabilities. The approach comprises of a population of voltage relays with a range of setpoints that would gradually reduce load as voltage falls. More severe voltage…
![Electrodeposition of Zn onto 3D printed copper nanowire (CuNW)](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-07/ElectrodepositionofZnon3dprintedCuNW.jpg?itok=2G2D1kt9)
Improving the active material of the Zn anode is critical to improving the practicality of Zn-MnO2 battery technology. LLNL researchers have developed a new category of 3D structured Zn anode using a direct-ink writing (DIW) printing process to create innovative hierarchical architectures. The DIW ink, which is a gel-based mixture composed of zinc metal powder and organic binders, is extruded…
![Compared with conventional slurry-based film electrode manufacturing methods, dry laser powder bed fusion is promising in generating structured electrodes for high power, low cost lithium ion batteries](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-06/conventional%20vs%20laser%20PBF%20for%20electrodes.jpg?itok=4KG4KLlE)
To address many of the aforementioned challenges of manufacturing LIBs and SSBs, LLNL researchers have developed a number of inventions that offer proposed solutions for their components:
![New class of lattice-based substrates](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/lattice-based%20substrate.png?itok=vFuqTT03)
To get the best of both worlds – the sensitivity of LC-MS with the speed of PS-MS – and a functional substrate that can maintain sample integrity, LLNL researchers looked to 3D printing. They have patented a novel approach to create lattice spray substrates for direct ionization mass spectroscopy using 3D-printing processes.
![3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-05/3dPrintableSiliconeInks.png?itok=C6lgLCTy)
LLNL researchers, through careful control over the chemistry, network formation, and crosslink density of the ink formulations as well as introduction of selected additives, have been successful in preparing 3D printable silicone inks with tunable material properties. For DIW (direct in writing) applications, LLNL has a growing IP portfolio around 3D printable silicone feedstocks for diverse…
![3D Printing of Fiber Reinforced Composite Thermoset Structures](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2023-04/3D%20Printing%20of%20FRC.png?itok=WZfsZPZy)
LLNL’s method of 3D printing fiber-reinforced composites has two enabling features:
![mesoscale_nand_gate.jpg mesoscale_nand_gate](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/mesoscale_nand_gate.jpg?itok=0APzWSXN)
Recent advancements in additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, allow precise placement of materials in three dimensions. LLNL researchers have invented mechanical logic gates based on flexures that can be integrated into the microstructure of a micro-architected material through 3D printing. The logic gates can be combined into circuits allowing complex logic operations to be…
![AgAg2S reference electrode](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/AgAg2S%20reference%20electrode.jpg?itok=kL2OzfHy)
LLNL has developed a reference electrode that is a great improvement on the widely used silver or platinum wire QRE commonly used in electrochemistry in ionic liquids. This new reference electrode, based on a silver-sulfide coated silver wire, exhibits greatly improved stability over a QRE. The stability of our RE approaches that of the Ag/Ag+ RE, but unlike the Ag/Ag+ RE, the RE reported here…
![Optics](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-07/Optics.jpg?itok=it_V--Tv)
The LLNL method for optimizing as built optical designs uses insights from perturbed optical system theory and reformulates perturbation of optical performance in terms of double Zernikes, which can be calculated analytically rather than by tracing thousands of rays. A new theory of compensation is enabled by the use of double Zernikes which allows the performance degradation of a perturbed…
![Nanoporus gold](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/nanoporus%20gold%20875x500.jpg?itok=A0gFmVPT)
By combining 3D printing and dealloying., researchers at LLNL have developed a method for fabricating metal foams with engineered hierarchical architectures consisting of pores at least 3 distinct length scales. LLNL’s method uses direct ink writing (DIW), a 3D printing technique for additive manufacturing to fabricate hierarchical nanoporous metal foams with deterministically controlled 3D…
![energy_absorbing_material.jpg energy_absorbing_material](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2019-08/energy_absorbing_material.jpg?itok=UxNZ6nWH)
To overcome limitations with cellular silicone foams, LLNL innovators have developed a new 3D energy absorbing material with tailored/engineered bulk-scale properties. The energy absorbing material has 3D patterned architectures specially designed for specific energy absorbing properties. The combination of LLNL's capabilities in advanced modeling and simulation and the additive…
![Electromechanical battery](/sites/default/files/styles/scale_exact_400x400_/public/2022-06/Electromechanical%20battery.jpg?itok=vgNlfBIu)
The design calculations that have been performed in exploring the potentialities of LLNL's new approaches to flywheel energy storage have been built on existing and past LLNL flywheel programs, including a program aimed at flywheel systems for the bulk storage of electricity at utility scale. To achieve the requirements of such systems, as mentioned above, LLNL has developed some key new…